Kremlin
From Moscowiki
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[edit] Description
The Kremlin is the essential part of Russian history: every considerable historical event is reflected in this monumental fortress, every age has left here its unique scent. It’s a certain key to the history and culture of Russia, and that’s why it attracts so many visitors. This symbol of Russian State is the official residence of the President. It is a preserved area, protected and guarded by the State and included in the UNESCO List of Cultural and Natural Heritage of the World.
[edit] Kremlin History
The Kremlin traces its history since 1156 (first mentioned in chronicle), when prince Yury Dolgoruky built wooden walls of future fortress on Borovitsky hill. There’s a few historical evidence how he got to that place, poorly known before. There’s a legend that before 1156 here lived boyar Kuchka, who invited Dolgoruky to visit him. The high standing guest enjoyed the place very much, murdered Kuchka and became the host himself.
Moscow didn’t play any important role in the country till 1328, when Ivan Kalita, son of Moscow Prince Dmitry, became the Grand Prince of Russian State. He broadened the fortress and built a new oak wall around it. That time citadel has got its modern name, Kremlin ("kremnik" means "forest" in old Russian), and became the residence of Metropolitan and Grand Prince. But the wooden walls, although invulnerable, suffered from fire, and in 1367 fortifications of white stone were built around The Kremlin by Prince Dmitry Ivanovich (later named Donskoy). Since then Moscow is called "a white stone city".
In the end of XV century Italian craftsmen built the new walls and towers of red brick, and, according to the evidences of foreign travelers, the Kremlin looked like a medieval castle. But, unlike almost all European castles, the Kremlin was not closed for common people. Aimed at protection of all the city-dwellers, it was also a cultural center of the city. Even when Peter I moved the capital to St.- Petersburg, the Kremlin kept its significance: Russian emperors were still crowned in the Assumption Cathedral, and the whole Moscow gathered here for the great church festivals.
In 1918 Moscow became the capital again. The Kremlin was occupied by the Bolshevik government, and it became impossible to enter it without special pass. Only in 1955 the gates of the citadel were reopened to public, and the government residence became an open-air museum of history and architecture.</p>
The more I grow up , the more traveling to Russia, where I am olgrinaliy from, angers me. Each year, I understand more and more what freedom means. I understand how important property rights are and how absolutely crazy was the prosecution of Khodorkovsky.Criticizing Putin in public has become not necessarily dangerous, but not completely comfortable either.When people grow up without the notions of freedom, they do not even have a concept for it. When they grow up not believing anything in the media, they cannot expect it to ever report the truth. I am amazed at Americans' belief in the truthfulness of its media (or at least a much higher degree of faith in it than Russians') and I really admire that about this country.Most Russians grow up without questioning the government. They are not taught to do it. So when they become adults, they naturally do not know where to start.There are only a handful of Russians who understand what's going on in the country and most of them live in Moscow.I would love to see Russian transitioning into a freer country, but I doubt that it will happen in the next 30 years.
[edit] Photos
